India’s First Indigenous Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vessel Begins Commercial Operations in Varanasi

India has taken a significant step in sustainable inland water transport with the launch of its first fully indigenous hydrogen fuel cell vessel in Varanasi. The milestone marks a major advancement in the country’s efforts to promote clean energy solutions for transportation and reduce carbon emissions in the maritime sector.

The hydrogen-powered passenger vessel was officially flagged off for commercial service on Thursday by Union Minister for Ports, Shipping and Waterways Sarbananda Sonowal at Namo Ghat. Built entirely with domestic technology by Cochin Shipyard Ltd. (CSL) in collaboration with the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), the vessel is designed to operate efficiently with near-zero emissions.

At 24 metres in length, the hydrogen catamaran can accommodate up to 50 passengers in an air-conditioned cabin and has a service range of up to eight hours on a single hydrogen refill. The ship uses a Low-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (LT-PEM) fuel cell system together with onboard batteries to convert hydrogen into electricity, releasing only water and heat as byproducts.

Speaking at the launch event, Sonowal highlighted the importance of adopting clean and innovative technologies to modernise India’s transport infrastructure. He noted that the project underscores the nation’s evolving technical capabilities and aligns with its commitment to sustainable development and ecological protection.

The vessel’s inaugural commercial journey included a run along a stretch of the Ganga River, setting the stage for expanded use of hydrogen-powered boats on India’s inland waterways. Officials say the project is expected to support local tourism, reduce environmental pollution, and contribute to broader national goals of achieving net-zero emissions by 2070.

This launch positions India among a growing group of countries exploring hydrogen propulsion for maritime transport, moving the nation closer to green energy targets while fostering innovation in clean transportation technology.